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Fashion glossary

What is a turtleneck: definition, history, and what to wear it with

Olena Kovalenko 2 min read

What is a turtleneck?

turtleneck (also known as a turtleneck or turtleneck) is a thin, fitted sweater with a high collar that completely covers the neck.

Read also our full guide: Types of Sweaters: How to Choose the Perfect Knitwear

The Russian name for this garment derives from its original utilitarian purpose. In the late 19th century, divers wore this garment under their metal diving suits: the high collar protected the neck from hypothermia and harsh friction against the metal.

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Textured knitwear and a high, folded collar are the main features of the classic turtleneck.

Historically, the turtleneck was part of the uniform of sailors, pilots, and race car drivers who needed protection from the cold wind. In the mid-20th century, it moved from the category of workwear to a basic element of everyday wardrobe.

Distinctive features

The turtleneck's main element is the collar. It's a high neckline that fits snugly around the neck and is often folded into one or two lapels.

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A fitted black turtleneck paired with wide-leg, high-waisted beige trousers.

The silhouette of the product is traditionally fitted or semi-fitted. The absence of bulky details, patch pockets, and complex embellishments makes the turtleneck an ideal base layer without adding unnecessary bulk under outerwear.

Turtlenecks are made from stretchy materials that retain their shape after being stretched. These are most often fine, smooth knits, merino wool, cashmere, and also cotton or viscose with added elastane.

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Summer variation: a white ribbed sleeveless turtleneck paired with a pleated midi skirt.

What to combine with

In a business wardrobe, a classic solid-color turtleneck is used as a softer alternative to a formal shirt. It's worn under a single- or double-breasted jacket, or as part of a classic pantsuit.

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Layered look: dark green turtleneck under an unbuttoned white shirt and grey jacket.

In layered looks, a turtleneck serves as a warming base layer. It's paired with heavy cotton shirts, leaving the top buttons undone, and also worn under slip dresses, sundresses made of thick fabric, or oversized V-neck sweaters.

For everyday wear, the basic model pairs harmoniously with straight, full-length jeans, denim or wool midi skirts, and trousers made of genuine or faux leather.

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About the author

O
Olena Kovalenko

Stylist with 14 years of experience. Specializes in capsule wardrobes and seasonal style transitions. Has helped over 500 women find their personal style and dress with confidence every day.

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